高三英语作文高手锦囊句子158招

高三英语作文高手锦囊句子158招　　作文高手锦囊句子158招　　常用句型 　　段首句 　　1. ______________ is known as one of the most serious problems in today’s society. we can see it almost everywhere. as the graph depicts, ______________ . 　　2. from the cartoon, we can see that. it’s a forceful satire on the kind of ______________ . 　　3. from the first graph, we learn that ______________. according to the statistics shown in the second graph, we can see that ______________. 　　4. this table shown us that ______________. the figures indicate that there is an inspiring tendency of ______________. 　　5. what you first think of when seeing this cartoon might be that ______________. as a matter of fact, this cartoon reveals a typical social phenomenon. 　　6. according to the first graph, it can be seen that ______________, it can also be concluded from it that ______________. 　　7. there is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: ______________. 　　8. nowadays there is a growing concern over ______________. many people like ______________, while others are inclined to ______________. 　　9. nowadays, it is common to ______________. many people like ______________ because ______________. besides, ______________. 　　10. ______________, just like many other things, are preferred by ______________. while being attacked by the idea that ______________, some people consider ______________. they point that ______________. 　　11. everything has two sides and ______________ is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages. 　　12. for years ______________ had been viewed as ______________. but people are taking a fresh look at it now. 　　13. it has stipulated by the government that ______________. to this stipulation, many people respond actively because ______________. 　　14. ______________ is a common occurrence in our daily life. whatever we do, ______________ can’t be avoided. 　　15. ______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way. 　　16. recently, ______________ has become the focus of the society, and in this way.. people swarm to ______________. 　　17. ______________ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. it has brought us a lot of benefits but created some serious problems as well. 　　18. man is now facing a big problem-______________, which is becoming more and more serious. first, ______________ second, ______________. 　　19. nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of ______________. 　　20. it is only during the last years that man has become generally aware that ______________. 　　21. there is an old saying, ______________. it’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases ever today. 　　22. the english proverb says, ______________. this is quite true because ______________. 　　23. ______________ is now______________, and at the same time ______________. these two factors have caused ______________. then what shall we do to solve ______________ in the face of such a situation. 　　24. one of our ancient philosophers said, ______________. chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.　　25. one of the great early writers said that ______________. if this is true, the present situation should make us ponder over ______________. 　　26. “why do ______________?” many people often ask questions like this. 　　27. in recent years, there is a general tendency to ______________. according to a study, there is ______________. compared with ______________ last year. why ______________? 　　28. according to a survey, there is a growing number of ______________. what brings this result? the main reason rests with. 　　29. some people prefer to ______________. in their opinion, ______________. in addition, ______________. nevertheless, nowadays, ______________ has become more and more common. 　　30. today, there ______________, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. first, ______________ second, ______________. what makes things worse is that ______________. 　　31. nowadays, ______________ has become a problem we have to face. though it’s easier said than done, with the help of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it. 　　32. many people are inclined to ______________. in their opinion, ______________. they believe that ______________. 　　33. from the graph/chart, we know the statistics of ______________ and ______________. it can be seen easily that ______________. 　　34. according to the two graphs presented, it can be observed that ______________. in the left graph, ______________. at the same time, ______________ as the right graph shows. 　　35. the graph shows the general trend in ______________. 　　36. according to the figures/numbers/statistics/percentages in the table/chart/bar graph/line graph, it can be seen that ______________. obviously, ______________, but why? 　　37. the figure indicates/shows/suggests/proves that ______________. there is a steady/rapid development/trend of ______________. 　　38. these days we are often told that ______________. but is it true? 　　39. these days we often hear about ______________. but is this really the case? 　　40. one of the great writers once said that ______________. now it still has a realistic significance. 　　41. in our history, the idea that ______________ never has been so popular. on one hand, ______________, on the other hand, ______________. 　　42. there are different opinions among people as to ______________. some people suggest that ______________. 　　43. some people hold the opinion that ______________ is superior to ______________ in many ways: others, however, disagree with it. 　　44. nowadays although more and more people ______________, still there are some who think ______________, they may think ______________.　　中间段 　　1. the most obvious reason for this phenomenon is that ______________. consequently, ______________. 　　2. no matter you like it or not, aaa has become more and more popular and there are many reason for it. 　　3. it’s an urgent task for us to change this unfavorable situation: ______________. 　　4. the picture can reminds you of some strange, yet familiar phenomena existing in our society. 　　5. a great number of solutions are being offered. some people suggest that ______________. others argue that ______________. 　　6. confronted with aaa, we should take a serious of effective measures to cope with the situation. 　　7. however, ______________ may cause some problems. first, it is ______________. second, ______________. finally, ______________. so, it is clear that ______________ has its advantages and disadvantages. 　　8. although ______________ has a great advantage of ______________, it can’t compete with ______________ in ______________. 　　9. ______________ may be preferable to ______________, but ______________ suffers from the disadvantages that ______________. 　　10. the advantages of ______________ are much greater that those of ______________. for instance, ______________. 　　11. ______________ may be preferable to ______________, but it also suffers from the disadvantages that ______________. 　　12. but i don’t think it is a very good way to solve ______________. for instance, ______________. worst of all, ______________. 　　13. there are many ways to ______________. first, ______________. second, ______________. third, ______________. 　　14. on the contrary, there are some people in favor of ______________. they believe ______________. moreover, they think ______________. 　　15. there are several measures for us to adopt. first, we can ______________, there are a number of advantages of ______________. another solution is to ______________. 　　16. it is high time that something was done about it. for example, ______________. in addition, ______________. all these measures will certainly ______________. 　　17. there are some other people, who ______________. their reasons are different, something for ______________, sometimes for ______________, and sometimes simply for ______________. 　　18. ______________ is necessary and important to our country’s development and construction. first, ______________. what’s more, ______________. most important of all, ______________. 　　19. however, if not managed properly, ______________ can create many problems. sometimes ______________. furthermore, ______________. therefore, ______________ has been gaining public concern. 　　20. there are probably many reasons for ______________. first, ______________. second, ______________. finally, ______________. 　　21. well, why is there ______________? i think there might be two reasons. one is ______________, and the other is ______________. 　　22. there are, i think, two main reasons for ______________. in the first place, ______________. in the second place, ______________. therefore, ______________. 　　23. why ______________? for one thing, ______________. for another, ______________. perhaps the main reason is ______________. 　　24. it is no easy job to find the reasons for this tendency which involves several complicated factors. for some ______________. for others ______________. 　　25. why ______________? the first reason is that ______________. the second reason is ______________. the third is ______________. for all this, the main cause of ______________ is due to ______________. 　　26. it is reasonable to maintain that ______________, but it would be foolish to persist that ______________. there are three reasons ______________. 　　27. the explanation for this problem involves many factors. for one thins, ______________. for another, ______________. still ______________. 　　28. the causes for ______________ are varied. they include ______________. perhaps the main cause is ______________. 　　29. the eventual result it brings out is ______________. and perhaps the most obvious result of ______________ is ______________. 　　30. however, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______________ also has its own disadvantages, such as, ______________. besides, ______________. 　　31. ______________ will bring the society many benefits. for one thing, ______________. for another thing, ______________. 　　32. why ______________? some ______________. and the most common case is that ______________. the notable example is to ______________. 　　33. there are many reasons responsible for this instance, and the following are the typical ones. for one thing, ______________, in addition, ______________. the main reason is that ______________. 　　34. people had figured out many ways to solve this problem. firstly ______________. though this method has its good sides like it can ______________. one of its bad sides it brings about is that it can ______________. 　　35. some reasons can explain the trend. first, ______________. second, ______________. third, ______________. 　　36. one of the reasons that is given for ______________ is that ______________. 　　37. a further reason why i advocate an attitude of ______________ is that ______________. 　　38. what is more, the essence of ______________ is that ______________, although we cannot, most of us ______________. 　　39. nonetheless, i reckon that ______________ is more advantageous. 　　40. from a personal perspective, i also prefer to ______________ because ______________. 　　41. to make a moral point, i feel that ______________ is important for ______________ is that ______________. 　　42. the main reason why i feel that ______________ is important for ______________ is that ______________. 　　43. ______________ is superior in several ways, of which perhaps the most fundamental is that ______________. 　　44. there are numerous reasons why ______________, and i shall here explore only a few of the most important ones. 　　45. one very strong argument for ______________ is that______________. 　　46. moving on to wider themes, many people would argue that ______________ is important for ______________ because ______________. 　　47. of course, i am aware that both ways have potential pitfalls. 　　48. the advantages of ______________ carry more weight that those of ______________. 　　49. i can think of better illustration of this idea than the example of ______________. 　　50. perhaps the most important example of ______________ is ______________. 　　51. i fully agree with the statement that ______________. the reasons are chiefly as follows. 　　52. i fully agree with the statement that ______________ because ______________. 　　53. as far as i am concerned, my favor goes to ______________. the followings are the reasons of my choices. firstly ______________, secondly, ______________. 　　54. of these two ways of ______________, i inclined to this point of view which ______________. first of all, ______________, secondly, ______________. 　　55. but there are still many people who don’t agree. they argue that ______________. 　　56. however, the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. the idea is easily supported by foots that ______________. 　　57. for all the disadvantages, ______________ has its compensating advantages. firstly ______________, secondly, ______________..　　结尾句　　1. the most effective means to solve this problem is that ______________. in that case, ______________.　　2. everything has its own two sides, no exception with aaa. for one thing, ______________. for another, ______________.　　3. my experience tells me that to ______________ needs a thorough and persevering process, and in this process you had better abide by the principles mentioned above.　　4. on the whole, it is high time that we recognized the significance of ______________.　　5. as a result, we should take some effective methods to ______________.　　6. judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that ______________.　　7. in a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______________. only in this way can ______________ in the future.　　8. in my opinion, we should place much emphasis on the importance of ______________.　　9. but ______________ and ______________ have their own advantages. for example, ______________, while ______________. comparing those two, however, i prefer to ______________.　　10. in my opinion, ______________ is just as common as ______________. if ______________, it may be very useful. whatever ______________, the key point lies in ______________.　　11. are their opinions correct? to my mind, the first idea seems ______________. as for the second idea, ______________.　　12. as a popular saying goes, ______________. in my opinion what really counts is not ______________, but ______________. i believer that as long as ______________, we will ______________. so i am for the opinion that ______________.　　13. in my opinion, both sides are partly right. when we ______________, we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems, and then make the right decision.　　14. personally, i believer that ______________. consequently, i’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ______________.　　15. in my opinion, all of the people should be brave enough to show our disapproval and criticism when confronted with ______________.　　16. people are coming to realize the importance of ______________. they have begun to try their best to ______________. we believe that ______________.　　17. all in all, we cannot live without ______________ . but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with problems that would arise.　　18. whatever you do, please remember the saying- ______________. if you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll definitely benefit a lot from it.　　19. with the development of society, ______________. so it’s urgent and necessary to ______________. if every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.　　20. it is difficult to say whether ______________ is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of ______________. however, from a personal point of view i find ______________.　　21. it is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation.　　22. it is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of ______________.　　23. but both ______________ and ______________ have disadvantages. for example, ______________. which to choose, ______________ or ______________? careful consideration is necessary before you make your own choice.　　24. from what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ______________.　　25. we must search for a quick action, because the present situation of ______________ is grievous, if allowed to proceed, will certainly lead to ______________.　　26. no doubt, if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that ______________ will be put in danger.　　27. we need to take a second look at the matter from a wider standpoint, otherwise, we won’t ______________.　　28. it is high time that ______________. here are some of the measures that might be taken immediately.　　29. in conclusion, we should know about the problem of ______________, and object to ______________. only in this way ______________.　　30. although it is affected by many factors, still there are certain ways that can make the situation better. the most import is ______________. another way is ______________. still another one is ______________.　　31. many solutions are offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. the problem should be studied in depth.　　32. no easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ______________. but the common recognition of the importance of ______________ might be the first step on the right way.　　33. it is clear, therefore, that the task of ______________ demands great attention.　　34. we may have a long way to go before we reach the final goal. but once we are on the way, the chance to reach it is greater.　　35. but for me, i would rather think of the matter in an optimistic way. because i believe ______________.　　36. we all know the story of ______________. this lesson tells us that ______________, we should ______________.　　37. my own point of view is that ______________ is a normal behavior in our society. there is no doubt that ______________. as an old saying goes, ______________.　　38. if we can’t take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is ______________.　　39. however, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future. i believe ______________.　　40. from the graph it is evident that ______________.　　41. from all the reasons above, we know that great changes had taken place in ______________. and i believe that ______________.　　42. taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ______________.　　43. for the reasons given above, i strongly recommend that ______________.　　44. given the factors i have just outlined, i believe that ______________.　　45. therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.　　46. recognizing the fact that ______________ should lead us to conclude that ______________.　　47. in short, i support the statement that it is better to ______________ because ______________.　　48. after pondering this question on many occasions, i have finally reached the conclusion that ______________ is something i truly want to do and it is worthwhile.　　49. my point of view in ______________ largely results from the fact that ______________.　　50. now after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.　　51. from what has been discussed above, you can get your preference. personally, i think ______________ has more advantages. 　　52. on the one hand, it has helped china ______________. on the other hand, it has increased china’s ______________, and at the same time, made great contributions to our national development.　　53. in my opinion, to solve this problem there might be two ways. one way to tackle this question is ______________. another way that is worth adopting is ______________.　　54. as far as i am concerned, i trust the advantages mentioned above exceed the disadvantages.　　55. for me, ______________ is a glory and it is the most important thing i have to take into feasible consideration.　　56. as regards me, i tend to pick ______________, for ______________. what’s more, ______________.　　57. if i were given a choice between ______________ and ______________, i would certainly prefer ______________. for me, ______________.　　常用的形容词和副词： 　　absurd 荒唐的　　addictive 上瘾的　　affectionate 有感情的　　aggressive 有上进心的　　alert 敏锐的；警惕的　　arduous 费劲的 　　artistic 艺术的　　authoritative 权威性的　　awkward 尴尬的　　balanced 平衡的　　cogent 使人信服的　　cold-blooded 冷血的　　cold-hearted 无情的　　compassionate 富有同情心的　　compatible 兼容的　　complicated 复杂的　　confident 自信的　　contemptible 可鄙的　　contributive 有贡献的　　corrupt 腐败的　　delicious 美味可口的　　demanding 要求高的　　detrimental 有害的　　devious 偏离正道的　　dishonorable 不光彩的　　disturbed 受到干扰的　　eccentric 古怪的　　economical 经济的 　　enlightened 开明的；文明的　　evil 邪恶的　　exotic 异国的　　fallacious 荒谬的　　fashionable 时髦的　　feasible 可行的　　fictitious 虚假的　　flexile 灵活多样的　　fruitful 有成效的　　glamorous 富有魅力的　　gorgeous 辉煌的　　humane 人道的　　ignorant (of) 无视的；无知的　　impressive 令人印象深刻的　　inborn 天生的　　incompatible 不调和的　　incompatible 不和适宜的　　inconceivable 不可思议的　　indecent 不妥的；不检点的　　indifferent 冷漠的　　indispensable 不可或缺的　　inexhaustible 取之不尽的　　infectious 传染性的　　inferior 低人一等的　　infirm （身体）弱的　　influential 有影响力的　　ingrain 根深蒂固的　　inhumane 不人道的　　initially 首先　　innocent 多管闲事的　　inquisitive 有害无益　　insalubrious 有教育意义的　　instructive 智力的　　intellectual 中间的；过渡的　　interim 人际关系的　　interpersonal 密切的　　intimate 不可侵犯的　　inviolable 内在的　　inward 不可挽回的　　irreparable 不可抵抗的　　irresistible 不可挽回的　　irritating 恼人的　　isolated (from) 隔绝的　　laudable 可赞誉的　　lavishly 大方的　　legitimate 合法的　　loyal 忠诚的　　luxurious 奢侈的　　magnanimous 宽宏大量的　　mature 成熟的　　misleading 误导的　　misrepresented 不如实叙述的　　money-oriented 向钱看的　　multilateral 对方面的　　nourished 有营养的　　obscure 晦涩的　　old-fashioned/out of date 过时的　　palatable 美味的　　perilous 危险的　　permissive 宽容的；许可的　　pernicious 有害无益的　　pornographic 色情的　　potential 潜在的　　practical 实际的；务实的　　preferential 优惠的　　pressing 紧迫的　　prevailing 占主导地位的；流行的　　professional 专业的 　　prosperous 繁荣昌盛的　　prudent 明智的 　　psychological 心理上　　rational 理性的　　resentful 愤怒的　　reverse 相反的　　rewarding 值得的　　ridiculous 荒谬的　　rigid 严格的　　rough 粗略的 　　self-contemptuous 自卑的　　shabby 破旧不堪的　　sheltered 受保护的　　sociable 好交际的　　sole 唯一的　　stern/strict 严格的　　stressful 有压力的　　stringent 严厉的　　stylish 时髦的　　superficial 表面现象的　　tempting 吸引人的　　time-honored 久享盛名的　　traditional 传统的　　typical 典型的　　unadvised 轻率的　　uncompromising 不妥协的　　unconcerned 冷漠的　　uneasy 不自在的　　unethical 不道德的　　unfeeling 冷漠的　　unhealthy 不健康的　　unified 同一标准的　　unique 独特的　　unjust 不公平的　　unscrupulous 肆无忌惮的　　unsociable 不善于社交的　　untimely 不和适宜的　　unwholesome 不健康的　　utterly 完全；绝对地　　vexing 令人烦恼的　　vivid 形象的　　voluntary 自愿的　　vulnerable 易受伤害的　　well-grounded 有充足理由的　　wholesome 健康的 　　雅思写作常用单词----常用的名词 　　常用的名词：　　abolishment 废除　　absurdity 荒唐；谬论　　abuse 滥用　　achievement 成绩　　acquaintance 熟人　　adaptation 改写；适应　　admiration 崇拜　　adventurer/explorer 探险者　　adverse impact 负面影响　　adversity 逆境　　affection 友情/感情　　alienation 疏远　　ambition 志向　　amusement 娱乐　　anecdote 轶事　　apathy 冷漠无情　　approach 鼓掌　　architecture 建筑　　art 艺术　　assault 攻击　　assessment 评估　　association 联想；联系　　athlete 运动员　　availability 可得到的东西　　barrier 妨碍　　behavior 行为　　beneficiary 受益人　　budget 预算　　burden 负担　　campaign 运动　　candidate 候选人　　capacity 能力　　celebrity 名人　　character 性格　　characteristic 特征　　charm 魅力　　clerk 职员　　cohesion 凝聚力　　colleague 同事　　collectivism 集体主义　　comfort 舒适　　commercial 商业广告　　commercialization 商业化　　commodity 商品　　companion/partner 同伴　　conformity 一致　　consensus 同意　　consultation 咨询　　consumption 消费　　content 内容　　contentment 满意；满足　　contribution 贡献　　correlation 相关性　　costume 服装　　creativity 创造性　　criteria 条件　　cruelty 残忍　　customer 顾客　　cyber crime 网络犯罪　　depression 沮丧；低沉　　deprivation 剥夺　　descendant 后代　　deterioration 恶化　　detour 绕道　　developed countries 发达国家　　developing countries 发展中国家　　digestion 消化吸收　　dignity 尊严　　discipline 纪律　　discomfort 不舒服　　discontent 不满足　　discrimination 歧视；区别　　disgust 反感　　disorder 无序状态　　disorientation 迷失方向感　　disposition 性格　　distraction 干扰　　diversity 多样化；多样性　　domain 领域　　duplication 重复（建设）　　duration　　economy 耐用　　employee 雇员　　employer 雇主　　endeavor 努力做　　enjoyment 享受　　enthusiasm 热情；狂热　　equality 平等　　evaluation 评价　　exception 例外　　exhibition 展览　　exploration 探险　　export 出口　　favor 喜好　　feature 特点　　fidelity 忠实　　flexibility 灵活性　　forefather/ancestors 祖先　　freedom 自由　　frustration 挫折　　gallery 美术馆　　garment 服装　　goodwill 善意　　grace 雅致　　graduate 毕业生　　guardian 监护人　　halt 停止；终止　　hardship 艰难险阻　　heritage 遗产　　horizon 地平线　　hostility 敌对　　humanity 人性　　idol 偶像　　immunity 免疫力　　import 进口　　indication 迹象　　indictment 控告　　indifference 不关心　　individuality 个性化　　industry 工业；行业　　inequality 不平等　　infrastructure 基础设施　　ingenuity 独创性　　initiative 主动性　　instruction 教导　　instructor 教师　　integrity 诚实　　intellectual 知识分子　　intelligence 智能　　interaction 交际　　interference 干涉　　interpretation 解释　　intolerance 不宽容　　intrusiveness 干涉　　involvement 参与　　jealousy 妒忌　　jogging 慢跑　　joint effort 共同努力　　journalist/correspondent 记者　　joy/delight 欢乐　　lack 缺乏　　landmark 标志性建筑；里程碑　　license 执照　　life expectancy/life span 寿命　　literacy 读写能力　　manufacturer 制造商　　match 匹配　　measure 测量；评估　　millennium 千年　　minority 少数人　　misconduct 行为不端　　morality 道德　　motion 抗议　　muscle 肌肉　　myopia 近视　　nationality 民族；国籍　　norm 准则　　notion 观念；想法　　obligation 义务　　obstacle 障碍物　　occupation 职业　　opponent 对手　　originality 独创性　　outcome 产物　　outlook 观点；景色　　participation 参与　　pastime 消遣　　peer 同龄人　　penalty 刑罚；处罚　　perseverance 坚定不移　　personality 性格　　perspective 看法　　popularity 普及；流行　　popularization 普及　　practice 做法　　precaution 防范　　prerogative 特权　　principle 原则　　profession/occupation 职业　　proficiency 精通　　promotion 提升　　prospect 前景　　prosperity 繁荣　　protocol 协议　　prudence 慎重　　public opinion 舆论　　punishment 惩罚　　purity 纯洁性　　rebellion 反叛　　recovery 恢复　　regression 衰退　　regulator 监控者　　reliability 可心度　　remedy/therapy 疗法　　remote education 远程教育　　revelation 揭示/表现　　revenue 总收入　　reward 奖赏；报酬　　rumor/gossip 谣言；传闻　　satisfaction 满足　　self-discipline 自律　　self-respect/self-esteem 自尊心　　shortcoming 缺点　　side-effect 副作用　　signal 信号　　skyscraper 摩天大楼　　sociologist 社会学家　　soul 灵魂　　specialty 专业　　spelling 拼写　　status 地位　　stereotype 成见　　straightforwardness 直率　　strain 压力；过度劳累　　strategy 策略　　strength 实力　　stress 压力　　substance 物质　　supplement 补充　　sympathy 同情　　symptom 症状　　talent 人才　　teenager 青少年　　temper 性情；烦躁　　temptation 诱惑　　threshold 开端　　tip 提示；技巧　　tolerance 宽容　　tragedy 悲剧　　trait 特点　　trap 陷阱　　triviality 琐事　　troublemaker 捣乱者　　tutor 导师　　uniformity 一致　　vanity 虚荣心　　variety 多样性；种类　　verdict 判决　　vexation 烦恼　　victim 受害者　　vitality/vigor/energy/vim 活力；精力　　void 空虚　　warmth 温暖　　weakness 缺点　　withdrawal 退出；撤退　　zeal 热情 　　雅思写作常用单词----常用的动词 　　常用的动词：　　abide by/obey/observe 遵守　　abolish 废除　　abuse 虐待；滥用　　accommodate 供给；调节　　acquire 获取　　adore 崇拜；爱慕　　allocate 分配　　alter 改变　　appeal to/attract 吸引　　approach 对待；处理　　approve of 赞成　　arise 出现　　arouse 激发　　assume 承担（责任）　　attach 赋予；粘上　　attain/obtain/acquire 获取；得到　　attend 参加；就读　　ban 禁止　　blossom 兴旺发达　　boom 繁荣　　bring sb./sth. into full play 充分调动……的积极性　　censor 审查　　characterize 以……为特色　　charge 收费　　cherish 珍视　　claim 宣称　　coexist 共存　　coincide with 与……相符　　collect 收集 　　commute 来回往返于　　condemn 谴责　　consult 咨询　　contaminate 污染　　contribute to 贡献　　crack down on 打击　　cultivate 培养　　defy 不服从；藐视　　degenerate 退化　　degrade 使降级　　depreciate 贬值　　deprive (of) 剥夺　　desert 抛弃　　detect 侦查　　deter 阻止　　deteriorate 恶化　　determine 决定　　disclose 揭露　　discourage 使气馁　　diversify 使多样化　　divert 使分心　　dominate 占优势　　drop out 退学；放弃　　eliminate 消除　　endanger 危害　　enlighten 启发　　enrich 丰富　　entertain 招待；娱乐　　evaluate 评价　　evolve 演变　　exaggerate 夸张　　exert 施加（压力）　　expel 排除；开除　　explore 探究　　expose 揭露　　give full play to 充分发挥　　guarantee 保证；担保　　hamper 妨碍；牵制　　hinder/impede/block/hamper 阻碍　　idealize 理想化　　identify 辨认　　ignore 无视；不理睬　　imitate 模仿　　impair 危害；伤害　　impose/confine/place restrictions on/restrict/limit 限制　　incur 招致；引发　　inflict 使……承受　　inherit 继承　　innovate 改革创新　　invent money in 投资　　install/set up/erect/fix/mount 安装　　lavish 浪费　　maltreat 虐待　　maximize 最大化　　minimize 使最小化　　mould/build 塑造　　neglect 忽视　　oblige 强迫　　observe/follow 遵从　　overcome 克服（困难）　　participate 参与　　perform 履行；表演　　please 取悦　　preserve 保留；保护　　prohibit 禁止　　publicize 宣传　　pursue 追求　　quit 放弃　　quote 引用　　refine 精炼　　reflect 反映　　reform 改革　　refresh 使恢复　　regulate 管制；调控　　rehabilitate 改造　　reject 剔除　　relax 修养　　release 释放　　render 给予　　represent 代表　　resort to 速诸于；采取　　restore 重建；恢复　　restrain 约束　　retain 保留　　roam 闲逛　　sacrifice 牺牲　　shirk 回避　　shun 回避　　signify 表示；意味　　spoil/indulge 宠坏；溺爱　　spread 传播　　steer 驶向；掌舵　　stick to 坚持　　stimulate 刺激　　stipulate/set 规定　　substitute 代替　　supervise 监督　　control 控制　　surpass 超过　　survive 生存　　threaten 威胁　　tolerate 忍受　　treasure 珍视　　trigger 引发　　underestimate 低估　　undermine 危害　　unload 摆脱负担　　vanish 消失　　wither 退化；萎缩　　wreck 摧毁 　　常用的名言和谚语　　virtue and a trade are the best portion for children.　　德行和一门技能是孩子最好的遗产。　　better early than late.　　宁早勿迟。　　a man can do no more than he can.　　量力而行。　　honesty and diligence should be your eternal mates.　　诚实和勤奋应成为你永远的伴侣。　　early birds catch worms.　　早起的鸟儿有虫吃。　　every coin has its two sides. 　　有利有弊。　　every man has his hobby-horse.　　人各有所好。　　every man has his his taste.　　人各有所好。　　every one is born equal.　　人人生而平等。　　every rose has its thorn.　　每朵玫瑰都有刺。　　good things stay indoors while bad things will go far away.　　好事不出门，坏事传千里。　　gossip is a fearing thing.　　人言可畏。　　he who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.　　近朱者赤，近墨者黑。　　it is never too late to learn.　　学习永远不嫌晚。　　where there is a will, there is a way.　　有志者事竟成。　　health is better than wealth.　　健康胜于财富。　　a contented mind is a perpetual feast.　　知足长乐。　　a friend in need is a friend indeed.　　患难见真情。　　every advantage has its disadvantages.　　有利必有弊。　　every little makes a nickel.　　积少成多。　　self-trust is the first secret of success.　　自信是成功的第一秘诀。　　example is better than precept.　　言传不如身教。　　no pains , no gains.　　不劳无获。　　throw the baby out with the bath water.　　把洗澡水连同婴儿一起倒掉。　　one man's meat is another man 's poison.　　百人有百好。　　if the old dog barks, he gives counsel.　　不听老人言，吃亏在眼前。　　parents are the first teachers of the children.　　父母是孩子的第一任老师。　　different strokes for different folks.　　各有所好。　　an old man is treasure of a family.　　家有老人便是宝。　　you live with a lame, you will learn a limp.　　近朱者赤，近墨者黑。　　he that lives with cripples learns to limp.　　近朱者赤，近墨者黑。　　it is good to learn at another man's cost.　　前车之鉴。　　the devil knows many things because he is old.　　人老监视广。　　all bread is not baked in one oven.　　人与人不同，花有几样红/不能强求一致。　　任何事情都有利有弊。　　forgetting history means betrayal.　　忘记历史意味着背叛。　　strictness helps, indulgence spoils.　　严是爱；松是害。　　father is one hundred headmasters.　　一个父亲胜过百个老师。　　all work without play makes jack a dull boy.　　只干活不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。　　never put off until tomorrow what can be done today.　　今天的事情今天干。　　if you want to understand today, you have to research yesterday.　　要想懂的得今天，就必须研究昨天。　　each man has his limitation.　　人各有极限。　　they that live longest see most.　　人越老，越有智慧。　　think thrice before we leap.　　三思而后行。　　too much liberty spoils all.　　自由过了头，一切乱了套。　　a wise man and a fool together know more than a wise man.　　三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。　　the older, the wiser.　　年岁增长，智慧增长。　　the onlooker sees the game best.　　旁观者清。　　the spectator sees most clearly.　　旁观者清。　　two heads are better than one.　　三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。　　years bring wisdom.　　年岁增长智慧。　　a friend is easier lost than found.　　朋友易失不易得。　　time waits for no man.　　时不待人。　　look before you leap.　　三思而后行。　　every man has his liking.　　人各有所好。　　variety is the spice of life.　　多样化是生活的调味品。　　it is a two-edged sword.　　它是双刃剑。　　ill news travels fast.　　坏事传千里。　　knowledge is power.　　知识就是力量。　　life is irreversible.　　生命只有一次。　　more gain for more pay.　　多劳多得。　　no garden without weeds.　　没有花园无杂草。　　no sweet without sweat.　　苦尽甘来。　　引用名人名言及谚语时，可使用如下句型：　　just as the saying goers: “no garden is without weeds”, computer games have also some disadvantages.　　正像常言所说:“没有无杂草的花园”，计算机也有一些不足之处。　　as the proverb goes: “every coin has its two sides”, television has both advantages and disadvantages.　　正像谚语所说：“任何硬币都有两面”，电视既有优点也有缺点。　　英文写作中怎样避免用词的重复？在英语的文章中，我们可以看到，除了表示强调或为了避免意义的含糊外，同一个词或短语很少在同一个句子中连续使用，有时，在一个句群或段落中也避免重复使用相同的词。避免词汇重复是英语句子的又一特点。这一特点最明显的标志是，英语代词的使用频率远远高于汉语。英语主要是通过使用代词、同义词、近义词和省略等手段来避免重复。 　　1.使用代词回避重复　　这是最普通，也是常见的一种方法。　　can you mend this table? i broke it yesterday.　　你会修理这张桌子吗?昨天我把它弄坏了。　　when the entered，each was given a small present.　　孩子们进来时，每人都得到一份小礼物。　　2.用同义词避免重复　　这里说的同义词是一个比较宽泛的概念。它包括范畴词、相近词(near-synonym)和派生词等。　　then they went on with of the peak.the climb was an extremely difficult one.　　然后他们继续向顶峰攀登，这是一次极难的攀登。　　这是一个很典型的例子。如果第一次用来表达概念的词不太常见，不太通俗易懂，那么第二次需要重提此概念时，作者往往用一个简单的字眼。如：第二句就用了同义词climb来替代ascent这个较冷僻的词，既避免了重复，又解释了了ascent的意义。　　the monkey's extraordinary performance was learning to operate a tractor. by the age of nine，the animal had learned to drive single-handed.　　这只猴子最出色的表演是学开拖拉机。到9岁时，它已学会独自驾驶拖拉机了。　　在第二句仍要提及monkey和tractor，为了回避重复，作者用了animal和vehicle这两个范畴词来替代。范畴词虽然意义宽泛，不太确切，但是在特定的上下文中一般不会引起误解，而且行文也显得更加活泼了。　　3.用省略手段回避重复　　省略的主要功能就是避免重复，并能突出新的信息。省略是英语的一种习惯用法，它能节省词语，使语句结构显得紧凑。　　1)省略名　　he spoke for the first motion and against the second.(the second＝the second motion)　　他赞成第一个提议，反对第二个提议。　　they are fine actors.smith is the finest i've ever seen.　　他们是优秀的演员，但史密斯是我见过的最好的演员。　　有时，名词的省略出现在相同的名词之前。　　cut off the first and last parts of the play，and leave then middle.　　(the first＝the first part of the play)　　把这个剧本的首尾两部分删去，只留下中间部分。　　2)省略动词　　谈到动词的省略，典型的例子应首推培根关于读书的那段名言。　　some books are to be tasted，others(are)to be swallowed，and some few (are) to be chewed and digested.　　书有可浅尝者，有可尽食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。　　jack needn't stay here，but george must.(＝but george must stay here)　　杰克不必留下了，可是乔治必须留下来。　　john won the first race and jim(won) the second. 　　约翰胜了第一场比赛，吉姆胜了第二场。　　3)省略形容词　　相比较而言，英语中省略形容词来避免重复的情形，不如其他词类多。　　robert seemed angry，and george certainly was(angry).　　罗伯特似乎生气了，而乔治肯定是生气了。　　4)省略从句　　i did not notice it till too late.(＝till it was too late)　　等我注意到这事时，已经晚了。　　l must get it done what ever the cost.(＝what ever the cost may be)　　无论代价如何，我也要把这事办成。　　he gave the same answer as before.(＝as he has given before)　　他的回答和从前一样。　　为了回避词语的重复，人们通常采用以上这3种省略手段。省略手段看似容易，因为有些内容可以略去不表，其实不然，能够做到正确地省略，说明一个人句子的运用能力已经达到纯熟的地步。有运用得当的省略句更能显示出学习者英语的规范性、地道性。避免重复是英语句子表达的一条原则。但是从词类的角度看，重复的多是名词、动词和形容词这些实词，而词义较抽象的代词、介词、助动词等虚词则不怕重复。这样看来，英语句子是“避实就虚”，而虚词的重复常常是为了避免实词的重复。　　4.避免重复与避免中式英语　　避免重复这条原则对中国学生还有一层特殊的意义。受汉语表达习惯的影响，中国学生用英语表达思想时，常常不自觉地加上不必要的修饰语。这些修饰语虽然在汉语中也是重复(如毫无根据的捏造)，但是它们显得自然，符合汉语的表达习惯。可是，如果把这些修饰语也译成英语，效果就适得其反了，既累赘，又有失表达的准确。　　例如：汉语中，我们可以说，“请给我们多提宝贵意见”，但是用英语表达时就不必说please gives us your valuable opinions.别人能提出意见、建议，我们肯定应该认为是宝贵的，再用valuable一词就是多余的，正确的说法应是your opinions will be appreciated.还有一个典型的例子，在表达“他的病情好多了”这一汉语句子时，中国学生往往说成his sick condition is much better.实际上，condition本身就表示“疾病”(sickness，illness)，所以句中的sick也是一种无意义的重复，地道的表达方法是his condition is much better.或者可以更简单地说he is much better.　　此外，在用英语表达汉语中的“吃饭”、“读书”、“唱歌”、“付钱”、“换车”这些动宾结构的概念时，中国学生往往把宾语表达出来，而实际上，英语的有些动词本身已经含有宾语所表示的意思，不言自明，一般是可以省略的，加上宾语则有可能形成画蛇添足，说出中国式的英语。现举例如下：　　have you heard(any news) from your daughter recently?　　近来你得到你女儿的消息了吗?　　"to hear from somebody" 就含有“听到某人的消息”，“接到某人来信”的意思。　　write(letters)to me often.　　经常给我写信。　　dick was mad about books.he made notes while he read.(＝while he read books)　　迪克特别爱读书，他读书时总是作笔记。　　it's through train, you don't have to change anywhere.(＝you don't have to change trains anywhere)　　这是一超支达车，你不需要在任何地方换车。　　he paid(money) to see the show.　　他花了钱去看演出。　　以上各例中，动词的宾语是不言而喻的。如果不是特别需要强调，宾语可以省略。不省略，虽然符合语法规则，也不构成理解错误，但是在表达方式上与标准的英语习惯用法不符，影响语言的地道性。　　避免重复这一原则在书面英语中体现比较严格，相对来说，口语中则具有较大的灵活性　　高考书面表达怎样运用复杂结构和高级词汇　　近几年的高考《考试说明》中,关于高考英语书面表达评分标准第五档(很好)中有这样一段话:"应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。"这就是说,学生仅运用基础的词汇和基本的句型,不能体现出较强的语言运用能力,即使表达无语法错误,也不能得高分;相反有些错误,目的在有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇,也不扣分,仍属于最高档次。高考把写作要求提到了这样一个高度,有利于反映学生的水平层次,有利于指导教学。原来"要点完整,语言无误,行文连贯,表达清楚"的标准就落后了。　　在平时的教学中,训练最多的,学生们也最习惯的是五种基本句型:①主语+谓语;②主语+谓语+宾语;③主语+谓语+间接宾语;④主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;⑤主语+谓语+宾语+补足语。用这些句型组织的句子单一、无生气,不能给人一种含金量高的审美享受。客观形势对我们提出了高难度的要求,我们怎样才能对书面表达进行科学的操作?怎样才能控制写作呢?本文拟就这一课题进行讨论,希望能给学生以启迪,调动积极性,开拓思维,培养创新精神。　　首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句型,要灵活运用各种语法结构,使文章有声有色。　　一、改变时态　　例:the bell is ringing now.(一般)　　there goes the bell! (高级)　　二、改变语态　　例:people suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)　　it is suggested that the conference be put off. (高级)　　三、使用不定式　　例:he is so kind that he can help me.(一般)　　he is so kind as to help me.(高级)　　四、使用过去分词　　例:①she walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)　　followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高级)　　②once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)　　once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高级)　　五、使用v-ing形式　　例:①when he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)　　on arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高级)　　②if the weather permits, i'll come tomorrow.(一般)　　i'll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高级)　　六、使用名词性从句　　例:①it disappointed everybody that he didn't turn up.(一般)　　the fact that he didn't turn up disappointed everybody.(高级)　　②i happened to have met him.(一般)　　it happened that i had met him.(高级)　　③to his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)　　what surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高级)　　七、使用定语从句　　例:the girl is spoken highly of. her composition was well written.(一般)　　the girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高级)　　八、使用状语从句　　例:①i won't believe what he says.(一般)　　no matter what he says, i won't believe.(高级)　　②if you come back before six o'clock, you can go out.(一般)　　you can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six o'clock.(高级)　　③if she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(一般)　　supposing that she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(高级)　　九、使用虚拟语气  　　高考英语作文的一些实用技巧　　(一)掌握技巧：(1)注意篇章结构，合理布局开始部分(opening paragraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。正文部分(body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。结尾部分(concluding paragraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，去除与主题无关的内容。　　(2)确定主题句主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。写主题句应注意以下几点：①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点②提炼出一句具有概括性的话③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者　　(二)巧用连接词要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词表示罗列增加first, second, third, first, then / next, after that / next, finally for one thing … for another…, on (the) one hand…on the other hand, besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, especially / in particular表示时间顺序now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately,  soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during表示解释说明now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover furthermore, in fact, actually表示转折关系but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor表示因果关系because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that表示条件关系as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless表示让步关系though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)表示举例for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example表示比较be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as表示目的for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to表示强调in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all表示概括归纳in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as i know, as we all know, as has been stated, as i have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion　　(三)掌握常用句型：1. in order to为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。he worked very hard in order to realize his dream.2. in order that她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。she worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 o’clock.3. so…that他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。they were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.4. such…that天气非常冷，以致于街上一个人都没有。it was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.5. would rather do…than do他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。he would rather listen to others than talk himself.6. prefer doing to doing他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。he prefers making speeches after careful preparation.7. prefer to do…rather than do比起女人，男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.8. not only…but also在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。in just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her doctor’s degree.9. either…or如果考试过关，你可以买一个mp3或去云南玩一趟。you could either buy an mp3 or go to yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.10. neither…nor他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱读书。he is a boring man. he likes neither entertainment nor reading.11. as well as他善良又乐于助人。he was kind as well as helpful.12. …as well这个小孩活泼又可爱。the child is active and funny as well.13. one…the other你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色的，另一支是黑色的。have you seen two pens on the desk? one is red, the other is black.14. some…others每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。everyone is busy in classroom. some are reading, others are writing.15. make…+adj. /n.我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。what we do will make the world more beautiful.16. not…until直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。i didn’t know the truth until she told me what happened.17. as if他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。he talks a lot as if he knows everything.18. it is no use (good) doing…假装不懂规则是行不通的。it’s no use pretending that you didn’t know the rules.19. find it + adj. to do…我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。i find it necessary to take down notes while listening.20. it is + time since…我已经有两年没见他了。it is two years since i last met him.21. it is + time when…我到电影院时已经八点钟了。it was 8 o’clock when i got to the cinema.22. it is + time before…不久我们就会再见面的。i won’t be long before we can meet again.23. it is…that…我最珍视的是友谊。it is friendship that i value most.24. it is + n / adj. + that / to do…每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机it is a must that everybody should know how to use computers.　　英语中18大激励人心的豪情壮语　　1.　money doesn't grow on trees.　　钱不是从天上掉下来的。　　2.　i know that my future is not just a dream.　　我知道我的未来不是梦。　　3.　to convert defeat into victory.　　反败为胜。　　4.　youth means limitless possibilities.　　年轻就是无限的可能。　　5.　leave behind a clean world for future generations.　　留给下一代一个清洁的地球。　　6.　you can do it too!　　你也做得到！　　7.　get to another summit in your career.　　开创职业生涯的另一个高峰。　　8.　pursue breakthroughs in your life.　　追求自我的突破。　　9.　never say die.　　永不放弃。　　10.　knowledge is power.　　知识就是力量。　　11.　never too old to learn.　　活到老，学到老。　　12.　practice makes perfect.　　熟能生巧。　　13.　go for it! = just do it!　　加油！向前冲！做了再说！　　14.　no pain, no gain.　　天下事没有不劳而获的东西。　　15.　everyday and in every way i'm getting better.　　每天每个方面我的生活都正在好转。　　16.　time is money.　　时间就是金钱。　　17.　man can conquer nature.　　人定胜天。　　18.　better late than never.　　只要开始，虽晚不迟　　零冠词：名词前不加冠词。　　1.不可数名词，复数名词表泛指时用零冠词。　　2.下列名词前常用零冠词：　　月，季，星期，节假，洲，呼语，头衔，职务前，三餐，球类，惯用语，学科，棋类名词前。　　3.turn用作系动词，意为“变成”，其后的单数名词做表语同时用零冠词。　　his brother has turned writer.　　4.用在“表示类型的名词+of…”这一结构后的单数名词用零冠词。　　the warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.羊毛衫的温暖程度将取决于所用的羊毛。　　5.“零冠词+单数可数名词+as/though+主语+谓语，+主句”，意为“虽然/尽管，但是”　　hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.尽管他是一位英雄，但是他也有一些缺点。　　6.在独立主格结构中的某一形式中。　　7.某些习惯用语中不用冠词　　go to school; at home ; on time ; at last; in fact; on holiday; on duty; at times; after class; at night; by bus; by sea; by air; by land ; go to bed; in time; at first; lose heart; on foot; at work; on show; in trouble; on fire; stay at home; with joy; with difficulty.